Greek And Roman Ideas - 778 Words

Greek and Roman Ideals When considering the ancient Greek and Roman ideals you can see the distinct similarities in their art, government, monotheism, and architecture. The Romans duplicated many of the Greek styles and modified them to suit their lifestyles. Greece and Rome influences can be seen in art today with the use of concepts, techniques, and styles that were founded by the Greek classical ideal. These include techniques for carving sculptures and the construction of massive metropolitan structures. The use of the city-state was invented by the Greeks and followed by the Romans. The Romans were admirers of the Greek artistic style and this shows in their art and what has been left from the ancient Roman era for us to view.†¦show more content†¦The Greeks are responsible for the creation of the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian columns, but the Roman’s expanded on this and modified the capitals. Greek influence can be seen in the creation of Pantheon. The Pantheon combines the styles of Greek and Roman architectural styles with its combination of post and lintel and dome and arch. Inside the Pantheon are sculptures like the Parthenon, and is the most well preserved buildings from ancient Rome. The Pont du Guard in France remains the largest aqueduct in the world and after over 2000 years it still stands. The Colosseum is in ruins, but it still stands today. Greek democracy and the Roman republic are similar in that they both give power to the people and elect officials by letting the people vote. The Greek city-states were united by force through the invasions of the Macedonians and then by the Romans. The Romans then carried on the city-state format and were themselves invaded later by the Germanic tribes. Although the Greeks and Romans were defeated their political ideal remains and is still in use by some democracies in the West. The monotheism of the Greek belief system was the format for the Roman belief system. Their gods were celebrated and revered by festivals and games being held in their honor. The Greek influence can be seen in the Roman culture with their gods. Roman gods are essentially borrowed from the Greek gods, but theyShow MoreRelatedAncient Greece And Roman Civilizations790 Words   |  4 Pagesancient Greek society would practice beliefs and traditions that would lead to the development of advanced civilizations. It started as the Greeks beliefs which would help develop the Roman society, which would later lead to contributing to the development of the Byzantine Empire. The Byzantines would help influence Europe during the Middle Ages, and Europe’s ideas and practices would lead to helping and impacting the modern western civilization with their ideas and beliefs. The Greeks showed influenceRead MoreHum100 - Artistic Themes from Ancient Cultures: Greece and Rome1237 Words   |   5 Pageswithout looking at the Greek and Roman empires. Although similar, the Greek and Roman empires are two different cultures. They existed from 500 B.C.E. to 500 C.E. (Fiero, 2006). One constant in both cultures was their pursuit of perfection in their art and architecture. This paper will examine this pursuit of perfection in both cultures and how their impact is felt in the modern age. One of the most stunning facets of ancient Greece was the art that was created. The Greek artisans made the jumpRead MoreThe Greek and Roman Influence over Modern America1431 Words   |  6 PagesThe Greek and Roman Influence over Modern America The Greeks and the Romans were among the most influential societies in the history of the world. Evidence of Greek or Roman influence can be found in almost every culture or country that has ever existed. Though both cultures were different in practice and incredibly competitive with one another, their politics and their beliefs set the stage for future civilizations, including those of the modern world. In particular, the values and practices ofRead MoreSimilarities And Differences Between Greece And Rome1457 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent techniques going into battle. Every time the Roman Empire would go to battle they would take into account things like terrain and what kind of formation they wanted to use. This was similar to the Greek style of war because Ancient Greece often had thought out battle plans and knew what would work against each enemy in every war. They both knew exactly what they wanted to do and how they wanted to do it. For example, the Greek military went into war (presumably on land) knowing thatRead MoreThe Work Of A Vase Painter Of The Mid 400 s B.c1003 Words   |  5 Pagescomposition, shape, line, color, value, and texture. The fundaments of art originated from the Greeks and Romans. To achieve a realist image, the combination of the fundamentals of art creates the illusion of something real. Proportions of a human body were developed by a renaissance artist named Leonardo Divinci. Divinci was not the only historical figure who created the ideal proportions of a human body. Greeks used a system of measures when they made temples and used a standard unit of measure to drawRead MoreThe Greek And Roman Religion1315 Words   |  6 Pages The Greek and Roman religions were the two major religions that were established in the ancient world. Greek religion was the first to be recognized and instituted, followed by the Roman religion. Many people believed that the Romans mimicked the Greek religion; however this was a common misconcep tion, even though they appeared to be the same there are many distinctions between the Romans and the Greeks. Even the similarities between the two religions had slight distinctions, like their gods, theyRead MoreThe Roman Empires Emulation of the Greeks1597 Words   |  6 Pageshiding a small clan of tribesman roaming south to attack and pillage villages and Roman settlements. Roman soldiers stand guard on a stone brick wall fortified to defend from barbarians to the north and formed a place for custom and trading posts. The invaders were limited by the height of the wall, with no way to flank their positions as the fortified line separated England from the Irish Sea to the North Sea. The Roman Empire expanded past Turkey into Egypt, an immense expansion that would only beRead MoreThe Greek And Greek Influence Of The Roman Empire1604 Words   |  7 Pageswould soon take many influences from the Greeks. In Rome, an empire was beginning to rise. Roman civilization had its roots in Hellenistic culture because they idolized them. They borrowed and enhanced upon the Greek intellectual accomplishments. As the empire expanded this would become increasingly important. As the Romans continued to expand their empire and influence, they were also spreading the culture of those who influenced them—the Greeks. The Roman Empire at their peak had a vast controlRead MoreCivilization is Connected from the Mesopotamians to the Powerful Roman Empire836 Words   |  4 Pagesbecame foundational to Western culture from the Mesopotamian civilizations to the emergence of the Romans. The contributions of a variety of cultures shaped the course of Western history. The Mesopotamians and Egyptians are among the first civilizations to make a valuable contribution to Western Civilization. Both Babylonians and Egyptians managed to produce written systems of communicating ideas. The Babylonians created wedge-shaped cuneiform, and the Egyptians made pictographic hieroglyphicsRead MoreWhy The Greeks Influenced Roman Culture1015 Words   |  5 Pagesexamine how much of Roman culture was Greek in origin, the Greco-Roman world can offer a great insight into the way diffusion operates. Objective and methodology The scope of this report is to investigate how and why the Greeks influenced Roman culture. To achieve this, I will support my discussion with a set of specific examples. Lastly, as I have a personal interest in museum studies, I will briefly answer the question: Was it theft? Did the Romans really loot Greek art, and what for

Evolution vs.Creationism Essay - 987 Words

Evolution Vs Creationism People have always wondered how life originated and how so many different kinds of plants and animals arose. Stories of a supernatural creation of life developed among many peoples. The Bible, for example, tells of Gods creation of humans and other higher animals over several days. Many people also believed that insects, worms, and other lower creatures spontaneously generated from mud and decay. Long after these stories became rooted in tradition, scientists began to question them. Albert Einstein said, quot;The scientists religious feeling takes the form of a rapturous amazement at the harmony of natural law, which reveals an intelligence of such superiority that, compared with it, all the systematic†¦show more content†¦All organisms can be traced back to a common ancestor from inanimate matter. Charles Darwin once said, quot;When I view all beings not as special creations, but as the lineal descendants of some few beings which lived long before the first bed of the Cambrian system was deposited, they seem to me to become ennobled.quot; (Darwin) Creationists believe in a divine creator, God. Creationism has a broad range of beliefs involving a reliance on Gods miraculous work to explain the origin of the universe, of life, and of the different kinds of plants and animals on Earth. According to the creationist view, God willed everything into existence, and this is how humans came onto the Earth. Creationists say that the evolution theory is biased and incomplete. They believe that the fossil records fail to provide a link between diverse groups. To find out how old fossils are, scientists use a method called radioisotope dating, which measures the amount of uranium or lead lost over the years. Two decades after Darwins Origin of Species was published many religious leaders feared that a less-than-literal reading of the biblical story would result in a loss of faith; and well-known spokesmen for the cause-such as William Jennings Bryan- of moral decay to be evidence of the damage brought about by the teaching of the godless evolution. The issue was argued on a number of platforms, one of the most famous being the Scopes Trial (1925), in which a high school

Robinson Crusoe Free Essays

Robinson Crusoe was born in a town called York in the seventeenth century, the youngest son of a merchant of German origin. Crusoe’s father wanted him to become a lawyer but he expresses his wish to go to sea instead because he was adventurous. His family was against Crusoe going out to sea, especially his father. We will write a custom essay sample on Robinson Crusoe or any similar topic only for you Order Now Initially, Robinson is committed to obeying his father, but he eventually gives in to temptation and embarks on a ship bound for London with a friend, without his family’s consent: â€Å"but if he goes abroad he will be the miserablest wretch that was ever born: I can give no consent to it†(p. ) However he decides to runaway: â€Å"I resolv’d to run quite away from him†(p. 6) His character seems resourceful because whenever he feels that he has to do something, he manages to find the resources to complete what he wants to do. This is a theme as this continuous in the novel, he obviously manages to go to sea without any hassle, his friend gives him a free ticket and so therefore he makes a use of it. The first thing that caught my eye when reading this opening of the novel was that it has been written from a first person’s narrative. â€Å"I† is the first word of the ovel, presenting what he himself observes usually, he favours a more factual narrative style and focuses more on events and actions. Crusoe is the narrator and also the main character of the tale, everything is described in his own words and as mentioned earlier, he expresses a factual and detailed narrative style. It goes on to talk about himself, the main character and his brother and father. This shows that his family had a big influence on him, this familiarization of his fam ily brings the readers closer to the character and shows that Crusoe an ordinary man. Having read the novel ‘Robinson Crusoe’, I will now comment on how the opening scenes to introduce themes which will be important to the novel as a whole. The first theme I have noticed from the opening is betrayal because he disobeyed his father even though his father did not want him to go on an adventure. He then regrets this and wishes he were at home: † I would go directly home to my father and never set it in a ship again while I lived. â€Å"(p. 8) Crusoe says this long before the adventure has started, this quote gives a sense of egret and therefore makes the readers curious about what is going to happen next and therefore gives a sense of enigma. Regret meaning that whatever is going to happen, is not going to be good so therefore Crusoe is already unhappy with the adventure, so from this we, as the audience know that there is more to come. He prepares us for the adventure and makes it seem that at that time, he didn’t think much of his father’s advice. Now that he has experienced and found out he did the wrong thing he is on his father’s side: My father, a wise and grand man, gave me serious and excellent council against what he foresaw was my design†(p. 4) There is an also religious element being portrayed here because religious people usually believe in a plan that has been designed by god. He becomes more religious due to being isolated on the island and starts communicating with god, so religion becomes a theme in the novel. Even though he seems to be religious later on, he still accumulates money from all his adventures and he also manages to make a profit out of his loss. This makes him an conomical man and this all comes down to his family background and the way he been brought up from what we gather in the first few paragraphs: â€Å"prospect of raising my fortunes by application and industry, with a life of ease and pleasure†(p. 4) His father always reminded him about the middle class people and told him that it is the best station of life and to be grateful of what he already has. You can tell that Crusoe is very fond of money because of the way he has been brought up, he thinks about raising his fortunes by application and industry, so we know that he has an educated background (father. He also sees money as ease and pleasure: â€Å"That the middle Station of life was calculated for all kind of Virtues and all kinds of Enjoyment; that Peace and Plenty were the Hand-Maids of middle Fortune. â€Å"(p. 5) The first few paragraphs are highly specific and detailed which fully informs the reader about every situation Crusoe goes through (his family’s definition and his escape from home). This also makes the novel an eyewitness account and gives the sense of truthfulness, this makes the readers more connected to the character and therefore are able to relate more to the novel. This shows that Defoe is quite good at creating a sense of realism. Finally, Crusoe seemed to be in control of his life where he didn’t want to listen to his father but later on in the novel manages to have success in mastering his situation, overcoming his obstacles and controlling his environment. So Crusoe wanting to be in control and independent of his life and rebellious against his father in the first few paragraphs seemed to help him later on in the novel and taught him to take control of his life. Every reader can in some way identify with Crusoe and his situation. His inner conflicts are obvious in the first few paragraphs, which are duty and independence, the duty being that he had to stay home and study law as his father wished, and the independence being the fact that he wanted to be independent and that happened to him. Hope and despair is another inner conflict because when he left home, he realised what he has done is not what he expected so therefore regretted the runaway which made him quite desperate but he had hope. His hope shows that he is an optimistic person. When he was at home, he was not happy with what he had, we know this by his haracter, always looking for something he didn’t have, but later on in the island, he made himself happy with what he had and made the most of everything. This shows a change in his character to be a more mature man rather than a little immature boy with unrealistic dreams. The themes of religion, resourcefulness, independence, betrayal, management and economics are definitely important in the novel as a whole. They are emphasised on later when gets stuck on the island and I would say that the two most important themes would be religion and economy management. How to cite Robinson Crusoe, Papers

Social Policy Absolute vs. Relative Poverty

Question: Discuss about remedial action for addressing poverty, assessing the influence of markets on the provision of housing, health, or employment in Britain.strengths and weaknesses of current policy? Answer: Poverty In the current scenario, the concept of poverty is sensitive in nature and a real issue. The notion of poverty in the UK is taken into consideration by the government as a vital social concern. In reality, poverty is multi-dimensional in nature. It is not only concerned with money. It also spreads to jobs, access to the services of the public, environment, as well as ambition. Moreover, it can also relate to education, housing, training, family life, drug abuse, etc. Hence, the main area that will be addressed is the child poverty. Tony Blair in his speech stated that poverty straddles the income and have a deep-rooted impact on services and jobs (Chappel Richardson, 2009). Poverty, its existence within the UK and even on a global scenario has been witnessed as a major issue. The main issue in defining the term poverty lies in the fact what does it link to? It is important to ascertain that whether it is materialistic or economic in nature. Secondly, it is important to determine that whether it is subsistence or materialistic in nature. There are innumerable questions that can be raised to define the concept of poverty, but unfortunately, there is no universal definition of poverty. Absolute vs. Relative poverty The idea of absolute poverty came into existence centuries ago, that aimed to attract attention to the condition of the poor. It is stated considering standard that is absolute minimum and dwells on the notion of subsistence. The normal condition should be met to have a lifestyle that is healthy. The terms trace a well-defined set of resources that all individuals need for maintaining a good lifestyle, shelter, food, and water. The majority of the sociologists accept the idea of poverty on a universal scale because without the necessities, it is not possible to survive and humans require the basic elements for existence (Dahl Lochner, 2012). Hence, people who are devoid of these vital elements for survival can be group under the concept of absolute poverty. The main fact that is concerned with absolute poverty is that although the majority of the people accept it, what is needed to sustain life within a society is prone to change with the passage of time. Hence, it is important to d efine poverty within the ambit of the society to which it belongs. This is the point where many support the concept of relative poverty (Monea Thomas, 2011). On the other hand, the term relative poverty is constructed socially within societies and is prone to change with the passage of time but on a fundamental note, it pertains to people who are living below a certain level of standard. This pre-defined standard in various countries focuses on the individual economics and the standard of living to which they are accustomed (Mani et. al, 2013). Relative poverty is a term that dwells upon differences between the levels that exists between the standard of living of the poor with that of the of living of the other member of the society that are not clubbed as poor. Majorly, it involves a measurement of the average standard of the society where poverty is being taken into consideration for the purpose of the study. It is to be noted that this definition is not considered relevant in nature due to the materialistic things that are not considered as important in other societies (Smith, 2005).When it comes to Britain, the major mean of defining relative poverty is by the utilization of welfare benefits. Adam Smith and Karl Max founded that the notion of relative poverty relative poverty keep the people from participating within the limitations of the society in which they dwell (Dahl Lochner, 2012). In highlighting both the theories, it can be said that the definition of absolute poverty or relative has similarity in nature. Both the concept pertains to the basic requirement to survive. The definition of absolute poverty contains relative judgments that can be applied to any society in particular. Time, as well, culture undergoes a sea change, and it is two factors that are considered within the structure of absolute poverty. The concept of relative poverty needs that it can be differentiated from the inequalities. Remedial action for addressing poverty The strategy must establish measures that are specific in nature and target the correct area so that the evaluation connect to the group that is needed. This will enhance the measures to gather, as well as monitor data that is not available on the groups that are exposed to risk. Moreover, the government must seek to establish the Commission on Child Poverty and strengthen the power so that the government pays heed to the matter. Setting up commission will enable attraction of expert advice on the strategys content. If any provision is flouted, then the government can be held responsible for the breach of the Child Poverty Act 2010 (Walker, 2013). The strategy will play an important role in supporting the government to meet the aims of enhancing social mobility. Result of studies Various studies have been undertaken that signifies that signifies the effect of poverty is a burden to the poor. The studies reveal that the notion of poverty needs to be remove, and that can be done with the help of strong policy action and the presence of the government. The absence of government policies and action has failed to provide any well-defined result (Walker, 2013). Moreover, local, as well as national government should pay adequate attention to the early years of a child because this will lead to a strong development and well-being. Assessing the influence of markets in the provision of housing, health, or employment in Britain. There is a strong role of the market on the provision of housing, health, and employment. The market determines the future and scope of the people. If the labor market is strong and absorbs majority of the people then it can provide solidity to the provision of housing, health, and employment. This is because the workers will earn money for their labor and in tune will provide it to housing and health. Lower wages disrupt the smooth functioning and have a negative influence on the provision of housing and health (Haymes et. al, 2015). Therefore, it is essential that the labor market is properly synchronize that may provide strong stability and aids human capital. If the labor market provides a good return to the workers then a strong result can be a witness in housing, health, and employment. Strengths and weaknesses of current policy. Child poverty is the main issue that is taken into consideration. The current policy that deals with it, has both strength and weakness. The min strength that is a witness is the presence of Child Poverty Act 2010 that has been highlighted and properly advocated. This attracts the attention of government and hence result-oriented. The priority areas are determined, and therefore, the framework is present providing a bigger stage for the progress (Haymes et. al, 2015). The weakness of the current policy is that it failed to achieve the target as the independent commission is missing and hence, results cannot be produced. The government did not lay much attention to the policy and hence, it is a setback. To ensure success and strong movement, it is essential that a commission needs to be established that will look after the framework for tackling the child poverty at both the national, as well as the international level (Shah, 2010) Local government role is important, and the lack of it leads to the major drawback. Specific measures are absent and hence, the problem persists. References Chapple, S and Richardson, D 2009, Doing better for children, Paris: OECD Dahl, G. B Lochner, L 2012, The Impact of Family Income on Child Achievement: Evidence from the Earned Income Tax Credit, American Economic Review, vol.102, no. 5, pp. 1927 Haymes, S, Maria, H and Reuben, M 2015, The Routledge Handbook of Poverty in the United States, Routledge. Mani, A, Mullainathan, S, Shafir, E, Zhao, J 2013, Poverty Impedes Cognitive Function, Science, vol. 341, pp. 976980. Monea J, Thomas A 2011, Unintended pregnancy and taxpayer spending, Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, vol. 43, pp. 8893 Shah A 2010, Poverty Facts and Stats. Global Issues Smith, S.C. 2005, Ending Global Poverty: a guide to what works, New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Walker, D 2013, The children going hungry in America, viewed 21 March 2016, https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-21636723.

A Short History of the Great Depression

A Short History of the Great Depression The Great Depression, which lasted from 1929 to 1941,  was a severe economic downturn caused by  an overly-confident,  over-extended stock market and a drought that struck the South.   In an attempt to end the Great Depression, the U.S. government took  unprecedented direct action to help  stimulate the economy. Despite this help, it was  the increased production needed for ​World War II that finally ended the Great Depression. The Stock Market Crash After nearly a decade of optimism and prosperity, the United States was thrown into despair on Black Tuesday, October 29, 1929, the day the stock market crashed and the official beginning of the Great Depression. As stock prices plummeted with no hope of recovery, panic struck. Masses and masses of people tried to sell their stock, but no one was buying. The stock market, which had appeared to be the surest way to become rich, quickly became the path to bankruptcy. And yet, the Stock Market Crash was just the beginning. Since many banks had also invested large portions of their clients savings in the stock market, these banks were forced to close when the stock market crashed. Seeing a few banks close caused another panic across the country. Afraid they would lose their own savings, people rushed to banks that were still open to withdraw their money. This massive withdrawal of cash caused additional banks to close. Since there was no way for a banks clients to recover any of their savings once the bank had closed, those who didnt reach the bank in time also became bankrupt. 1:44 Watch Now: What Led to the Great Depression? Unemployment Businesses and industry were also affected. Despite President Herbert Hoover asking businesses to maintain their wage rates, many businesses, having lost much of their own capital in either the Stock Market Crash or the bank closures, started cutting back their workers hours or wages.  In turn, consumers began to curb their spending, refraining from purchasing such things as luxury goods. This lack of consumer spending caused additional businesses to cut back wages or, more drastically, to lay off some of their workers. Some businesses couldnt stay open even with these cuts and soon closed their doors, leaving all their workers unemployed. Unemployment was a huge problem during the Great Depression. From 1929 to 1933, the unemployment rate in the United States rose from  3.2% to the incredibly high 24.9%- meaning that one out of every four people were out of work.   PhotoQuest / Getty Images The Dust Bowl In previous depressions, farmers were usually safe from the severe effects of the depression because they could at least feed themselves. Unfortunately, during the Great Depression, the Great Plains were hit hard with both a drought and horrendous dust storms, creating what became known as the Dust Bowl. Years and years of overgrazing combined with the effects of a drought caused the grass to disappear. With just topsoil exposed, high winds picked up the loose dirt and whirled it for miles. The dust storms destroyed everything in their paths, leaving farmers without their crops. Small farmers were hit especially hard. Even before the dust storms hit, the invention of the tractor drastically cut the need for manpower on farms. These small farmers were usually already in debt, borrowing money for seed and paying it back when their crops came in. When the dust storms damaged the crops, not only could the small farmer not feed himself and his family, he could not pay back his debt. Banks would then foreclose on the small farms and the farmers family would be both homeless and unemployed. Bettmann Archive / Getty Images Riding the Rails During the Great Depression, millions of people were out of work across the United States. Unable to find another job locally, many unemployed people hit the road, traveling from place to place, hoping to find some work. A few of these people had cars, but most hitchhiked or rode the rails. A large portion of the people who rode the rails were teenagers, but there were also older men, women, and entire families who traveled in this manner. They would board freight trains and crisscross the country, hoping to find a job in one of the towns along the way. When there was a job opening, there were often literally a thousand people applying for the same job. Those who werent lucky enough to get the job would perhaps stay in a shantytown (known as Hoovervilles) outside of town. Housing in the shantytown was built out of any material that could be found freely, like driftwood, cardboard, or even newspapers. The farmers who had lost their homes and land usually headed west to California, where they heard rumors of agricultural jobs. Unfortunately, although there was some seasonal work, the conditions for these families were transient and hostile. Since many of these farmers came from Oklahoma and Arkansas, they were called the derogatory names of Okies and Arkies. (The stories of these migrants to California were immortalized in the fictional book, The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck.) Roosevelt and the New Deal The U.S. economy broke down and entered the Great Depression during the presidency of Herbert Hoover. Although President Hoover repeatedly spoke of optimism, the people blamed him for the Great Depression. Just as the shantytowns were named Hoovervilles after him, newspapers became known as Hoover blankets, pockets of pants turned inside out (to show they were empty) were called Hoover flags, and broken-down cars pulled by horses were known as Hoover wagons. During the 1932 presidential election, Hoover did not stand a chance at reelection and Franklin D. Roosevelt won in a landslide. People of the United States had high hopes that President Roosevelt would be able to solve all their woes. As soon as Roosevelt took office, he closed all the banks and only let them reopen once they were stabilized. Next, Roosevelt began to establish programs that became known as the New Deal. These New Deal programs were most commonly known by their initials, which reminded some people of alphabet soup. Some of these programs were aimed at helping farmers, like the AAA (Agricultural Adjustment Administration). While other programs, such as the CCC (Civilian Conservation Corps) and the WPA (Works Progress Administration), attempted to help curb unemployment by hiring people for various projects. The End of the Great Depression To many at the time, President Roosevelt was a hero. They believed that he cared deeply for the common man and that he was doing his best to end the Great Depression. Looking back, however, it is uncertain as to how much Roosevelts New Deal programs helped to end the Great Depression. By all accounts, the New Deal programs eased the hardships of the Great Depression; however, the U.S. economy was still extremely bad by the end of the 1930s. The major turn-around for the U.S. economy occurred after the bombing of Pearl Harbor and the entrance of the United States into World War II. Once the U.S. was involved in the war, both people and industry became essential to the war effort. Weapons, artillery, ships, and airplanes were needed quickly. Men were trained to become soldiers and the women were kept on the home front to keep the factories going. Food needed to be grown for both the homefront and to send overseas. It was ultimately the entrance of the U.S. into World War II that ended the Great Depression in the United States.

Sociology of Religion

Sociology of Religion Not all religions share the same set of beliefs, but in one form or another, religion is found in all known human societies. Even the earliest societies on record show clear traces of religious symbols and ceremonies. Throughout history, religion has continued to be a central part of societies and human experience, shaping how individuals react to the environments in which they live. Since religion is such an important part of societies around the world, sociologists are very interested in studying it. Sociologists study religion as both a belief system and a social institution. As a belief system, religion shapes what people think and how they see the world. As a social institution, religion is a pattern of social action organized around the beliefs and practices that people develop to answer questions about the meaning of existence. As an institution, religion persists over time and has an organizational structure into which members are socialized. Its Not About What You Believe In studying religion from a sociological perspective, it is not important what one believes about religion. What is important is the ability to examine religion objectively in its social and cultural context. Sociologists are interested in several questions about religion: How are religious beliefs and factors related to other social factors like race, age, gender, and education?How are religious institutions organized?How does religion affect social change?What influence does religion have on other social institutions, such as political or educational institutions? Sociologists also study the religiosity of individuals, groups, and societies. Religiosity is the intensity and consistency of practice of a person’s (or group’s) faith. Sociologists measure religiosity by asking people about their religious beliefs, their membership in religious organizations, and attendance at religious services. Modern academic sociology began with the study of religion in Emile Durkheim’s 1897 The Study of Suicide in which he explored the differing suicide rates among Protestants and Catholics. Following Durkheim, Karl Marx and Max Weber also looked at religion’s role and influence in other social institutions such as economics and politics. Sociological Theories of Religion Each major sociological framework has its perspective on religion. For instance, from the functionalist perspective of sociological theory, religion is an integrative force in society because it has the power to shape collective beliefs. It provides cohesion in the social order by promoting a sense of belonging and collective consciousness. This view was supported by Emile Durkheim. The second point of view, supported by Max Weber, views religion in terms of how it supports other social institutions. Weber thought that the religious belief systems provided a cultural framework that supported the development of other social institutions, such as the economy. While Durkheim and Weber concentrated on how religion contributes to the cohesion of society, Karl Marx focused on the conflict and oppression that religion provided to societies. Marx saw religion as a tool for class oppression in which it promotes stratification because it supports a hierarchy of people on Earth and the subordination of humankind to divine authority. Lastly, symbolic interaction theory focuses on the process by which people become religious. Different religious beliefs and practices emerge in different social and historical contexts because context frames the meaning of religious belief. Symbolic interaction theory helps explain how the same religion can be interpreted differently by different groups or at different times throughout history. From this perspective, religious texts are not truths but have been interpreted by people. Thus different people or groups may interpret the same Bible in different ways. References Giddens, A. (1991). Introduction to Sociology. New York: W.W. Norton Company.Anderson, M.L. and Taylor, H.F. (2009). Sociology: The Essentials. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth.

Vietnam War Causes and Consequences Research Paper

Vietnam War Causes and Consequences - Research Paper Example The history of the Vietnam War can be traced to the fall of Japan at the end of the Second World War. French and the United States army tried to gain control over the region to defeat the communist forces but were stopped from doing so by two emerging constraints. The first one accounted for the peace accord signed in Geneva in 1956 and the second more crucial the division of the country in North and South Geneva. United States of America’s War forces lent a strong defense for the cause of saving South Vietnam from the fangs of communism. However, America’s forces were bound to retreat from the Vietnam soil owing to a treaty signed with North Vietnam in 1973. North Vietnam the communist regime that had earlier promised not to gain control over South Vietnam finally invaded it on December 1974. The North Vietnam forces surpassed South Vietnam’s efforts of defense as they gained control over Saigon and other parts of the South on April 1975.1 In this context, the p aper aims to trace the main reasons, which led to the Vietnam War and the effects generated by the prolonged war. During the period of the Second World War, the Japanese forces occupied a region owned by the French forces known as Indochina consisting of Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia. In Vietnam Ho Chi Minh opposed the Japanese invasion through the formation of Viet Minh in 1941. Viet Minh later took the picture of a Nationalist Movement in the Vietnam soil. Ho Chi Minh sought America’s support in fighting against the Japanese, which later gave independence to Vietnam. However, after the end of the Second World War the French forces endeavored to gain their control over Vietnam. The Nationalist Party of Vietnam, Viet Minh led by Ho Chi Minh strongly opposed the French invasion. Agreements between the French forces and Viet Minh led to no results following which French invaded the capital of

Personal leadership competence and how develop personal development in Article

Personal leadership competence and how develop personal development in the competence in the future - Article Example There is not only have self-confident and but also have more professional skills in order to do better in personal and professional development in the future. Thereby this module plays an important role in my whole postgraduate studying life. It helps me to reflect myself in my local learning environment and career life in the future. In this module, I have learned how to develop individuals' mastery in personal and interpersonal effectiveness which is benefit of supporting career development. Besides, I have also learned how to manage problems by using essential leadership skills. In this paper, it will discuss which strengths and weakness I have already developed in my professional life. It will also analysis of learning in the whole module. In addition, it will analysis how to promote my competence development and how to plan my professional development in the future. 2. Main body 2.1 Analysis of learning Before I learning this module, I do not understand what does mean of persona l and professional development. But when I read the module description and staff details in the handbook, I find most of the tutors which are related to Human Resource Management. Because of this, I am starting to like the course more and more. Actually, I am interesting in management and professional skills development because I think people have a professional quality is necessary under the rapid economic development of society. Through learning this module, I have learned a lot of professional knowledge about person and professional development. According to Pedler et al (1990), personal and professional development is a way of maintaining and creating the adaptability and flexibility that workers and, by extension, organisations need to ensure their future well-being. It is in keeping with post-modern society, in which rapid change and unknown futures create a necessity for learning organisations (Senge, 1993). So I think whatever you are a student or employee, you can find a gr eat help in this course. As a postgraduate student, a lot of theoretical knowledge are very important to me, such as communication skill, leadership skill and so on. Before I learning, I just know how to communicate with people. However, when I meet problems or conflict with other persons, I always can not deal with it. Therefore, though learning, I have handled how to solve problems and how to avoid conflict in the processing of communication. This point is very important to me in whole career development in the future whatever in the group work or in the workplace. I believe that is my intangible wealth in my whole life. Specifically, I have learned main five competencies which include self-management, interpersonal, self-development, personal leadership and engaging with other competencies. Base on the personal development matrix I will take three competencies for example to describe what I have learned in this course. During my learning, teacher alway arranges to discuss which f orm is in groups. Every times, I always try my best to use my skills to talk with other group members in the teamwork's discussion. I am awareness of effective inter-personal relationship is necessary. Actually, I am confident of my own ability in achieving my goals. When I describe my main points I always have a confident even more there is a little bit assertiveness. So sometimes I am not better control my emotion when I persuade other

Nursing Community Project Hypertension impact on the Miami dade County Essay

Nursing Community Project Hypertension impact on the Miami dade County Commiunity - Essay Example 2. Demographic Characteristics of the Selected Miami Dade County Community Miami Dade County has been selected as the setting for analyzing the impact of hypertension upon the community. Miami Dade is located in the state of Florida in the United States. The total population of this county constitutes to approximately 2,253,362. According to a recent survey conducted, it was observed that the number as well as the rate of deaths caused by hypertension is the significant cause of fall in the demographic figure of Miami Dade County. In the year 2006, it was stated that high blood pressure is determined to be the primary cause for death of around 319,000 Americans. Additionally, the rate of death due to hypertension has tremendously increased in the recent years. Furthermore, it has been observed that within the increased rate of around 58.7% suffers of hypertension, there includes a majority of females within Miami Dade (Health Council of South Florida Inc, 2010). On the basis of furth er analysis, it has been detected that ‘Prehypertension’ as well as ‘high blood pressure’ within adolescents have taken an accelerated leap in the recent years within Miami Dade County. ... Miami represents the one of the major cosmopolitan areas within the United States. This particular county nearly constitutes 38 ‘Census-designated’ places and 16 unincorporated regions. The county’s total physical area entails around 6,297 km2. It has been observed that immigrants of Miami Dade County were drastically affected by hypertension in the year 2006 and it continues to accelerate with the passing of years (Health Council of South Florida Inc, 2010). 4. Statistics According to the observation of Miami-Dade County Community Health Report Card, the increased admissions within hospitals caused by hypertension was the worst performance indicator in the year 2007.The pictorial diagram represented below depicts that with proper diagnosis as well as treatment of Hypertension in Miami Dade County, the disease can be prevented to a greater extent which stands to be in total around 34.1 percent (The Healthy Communities Institute, 2013). Source: (The Healthy Communi ties Institute, 2013) Source: (The Healthy Communities Institute, 2013) According to the assessment made, the aforesaid diagram depicts that hypertension can affect both the genders to a considerable level that is around 34.1 percent on an average (The Healthy Communities Institute, 2013). According to the analysis of ‘The Healthy People 2020’ national health target is aimed at reducing the level of high blood pressure among the age group of 18 years and above to at least 26.9 percent (The Healthy Communities Institute, 2013). 5. Nursing Diagnosis NANDA diagnosis has laid down certain diagnosis interpretation of hypertension which has been briefly explained below: Risk for Reduced Cardiac Output There are various risks

Artificial Intelligence in Web Design

Artificial Intelligence in Web Design Richard RoÃ… ¡ko Abstract—This paper deals with a new trend in web design and that is to introduce some degree of artificial intelligence into the task of designing a website. One of the first companies that came up with implementation of this idea id thegrid.io, which we will be mostly discussing in this paper. We will take a deeper look as to what does in fact artificial intelligence means in this connotation and how is it implemented throughout thegrid.io system for automated web design. Keywords— GSS, webdesign, grid, SEO, performance I. Introduction When it comes to using artificial intelligence in any sphere of, technical or other, we always have to be careful with this notion, as it can get quite misleading as to what is really the power behind that or other action supported, derived from, or even controlled by artificial intelligence. The web is an increasingly popular platform and as such, a great amount of attention is being payed to it and its content. Web is, of course, populated by websites and these are so diversified in the matter of their content, that it would be really hard to classify them in any sensible way. Each one of these websites, however consists of two main parts, that are responsible for the operation of the portal as a whole. These are backend and frontend. When the web first started to be commercially available, the presentation side of the websites, i.e. the frontend was not of much, if any concern whatsoever. The idea behind the styling of the web was built around other popular media, newspaper. The syntax for writing the main components of pages (HTML) still resembles the organizational structure of the newspaper articles with headings divided into different levels, paragraphs and many other article-related styling. Back in these days, there was almost no styling aside from breaking the websites into different sections. Internet back then was used for almost entirely different purposes than it is now and hence, there was no actual need of doing anything more with the presentational side of the web. All of this changed, however, when non scientific people started to become familiar with internet and first commercial solutions started to appear. New language, that was supposed to make the web look much better arose and its name was CSS. CSS stands for cascading style sheets and basically, it allowed the designers to style the content of the website much more accurately. CSS is still widely used nowadays, even though designers and programmers today tend to use many other style pre-processors, but the core always stays the same. Web always continues to evolve and while its users, most of the time, do not care about the action behind the scenes, which is essentially the core of the whole site, they do care about the appearance on the other hand. That is the reason, that great amount of time and resources is put into the frontend and UI of the websites nowadays. The design of the website, its look and feel, the interaction with the user, feedback it gives, these all are very important factors to consider in the process of web development. Hence, the web designer profession is becoming increasingly sought and picked by many people and companies alike. What is going to happen when we introduce artificial intelligence to this process? It could have an enormous impact on the job market, if we consider that it could be one of the first steps in the process of automatizing web design and that is always risky, even to consider. This is also one of the topics we will discuss in this paper. II. TheGrid.IO The company behind thegrid.io are comapring it to the movie Her to some degree. It was a movie about a perfectly voice-recognizing computer personal assistant, that was also able to simulate emotions and basically behaved as a human being. On their website we can see, that they state, that now She can do webdesign for you as well, referring to her ability to analyze the content of the site and adapt the design to it. They describe the basic principle behind the algorithm as an engine, that is measuring and analysing the content of your website constantly and changing it and designing it everytime it detects a change in the purpose of the site. The idea behind all of it, is to provide a personal computer-driven and automated webdesigner for every webdeveloper. Fig.1 thegrid.io landing page / index [1] As a proof of concept, in the FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) part of the website you can find out, that thegrid.io website was actually built using thegrid.io system itself. This fact immediately caught attention of many web developers and web designers and upon researching the public HTML and CSS of the website, we find a few interesting facts. The website is generally pretty heavy. That doesn’t mean it is just really long, which it is in this case, but nevertheless, if a user scrolls down the whole page, he downloads roughly around 100 MB, which is quite a lot considering the lightweight trends in today’s world of web development. Interestingly enough, the load time of the website actually measures pretty good. If we take a closer look at the HTML, we can see, that the styles and javascripts are inlined, which is quite unorthodox, but seems to work here and it might be one of the reasons the site is loaded optimally even though its load is pretty strong. As Austin Wolf wrote for medium.com, the website is somewhat self-indulgent and it is really long. Fig. 2 thegrid.io performance test [2] From the given statistics we can deduce, that the webpage as a whole actually performs quite well against all expectations, which renders the system really ambitious. Thegrid.io website has a few notable sections, like FAQ, team and info for possible investors. It even contains an e-commerce part with a possibility to opt for a subscription, that is currently set at 25 â‚ ¬ / month. It is very important to note, that the algorhitms and AI behind this automated webdesigning project is still under heavy development, so all the results and test we can do for now might differ from the actual performance by the ready and commercialy available application. But this pre-research can still give us an interesting view of what it might look like once it is available to public. At this stage of development we can only guess how does the analysis of the content on the website actually work, but it good to know, that the whole company has a very transparent and open-minded point of view when it comes to licensing and sharing resources online. The team behind thegrid.io have the ambition to share source code of each and everyone of the websites that will be created on github in public repositories for others to be inspired and reproduced. We have no information as to what licensing is going to look like yet. Another interesting fact about the whole ecosystem of thegrid.io is, that they not only offer you to make your website autodesigned, they can also handle the domain registration and the hosting for your website. And what is even more interesting, they plan to make this available for the same fixed monthly fee. This suggests, that their ambition is to make user’s businesses go online in a matter of hours for a decent price and maintain it for them without requiring them to have any prior knowledge of the web or any other technologies that accompany it and to instead, let them focus on the content. This whole service is then complemented by many other small features, like scraping the web for mentions of your brand and automatically generating a press release section for your page, or for your brand. This, of course, from the technical point of view, could be quite heavy on the resources, but from what we can observe as of the current state of the application, the tema behind thegrid.io proves to be quite apt at responding to heavy scripts challenges that may arise throughout the course of developing a website. Fig. 3 GSS templates [3] GSS is what we could call grid’s replacement of CSS, or templating engines as a whole. In the history, there were a few tries on taking out the programming out of the webdesign process by introducing some or another form of GUI for this creative process. None of these were actually extremely popular and thegrid.io promises to change that. What they base their strategy at is the fact, that they reverse engineer the process of all these systems. Whereas these former were built on allowing the users of the system design the layout, or pick some template, or predefined parts of a website and then let them fill it out with their content, thegrid.io reverses this and just lets the user type in the content into a blank website canvas and lets their system analyze the content and based on that creates the most suitable desing, that works well with content of the webpage. III. Issues With a project this ambitious and possibly this proportional, there is a lot of skepticism that is arising from many directions towards it. In this chapter we will discuss some of the categories of remarks thrown at the development team. We can also try to approximate their possible solution to these problem and the way they might address these issues in the future release version of thegrid.io system and its automatic web design algorithms. A. SEO SEO stands for search engine optimization. Let us first take a quick look at what that actually means. SEO is actually the process of increasing the exposure your site gets when searched for a similar topic using a search engine (such as https://duckduckgo.com/, or https://www.google.com). This process focuses on the visibility of the unpaid results and is related to as generating organic or natural traffic. If SEO is done correctly on a website it can lead to an immense increase of traffic, that is generated without further action needed from the side of the developer, or the programmer. In the past, SEO was solely thing of text search, but as we push into the future, there is a rising trend of optical character recognition and optical image recognition, which allows the users to search for their desired topics by images, or even sounds. These trends are also affecting the SEO as a whole. As stated before, if SEO is done correctly, it can lead to making the page appear generically much more often in the results of the search engines. To optimize a site for search engines and index the page proper way many techniques are employed. SEO experts start by editing the actual content of the website, then they can also edit the raw HTML of the webpage in order to increase the actual relevance to the content of the page. There also is a number of, so called, external techniques for increasing the SEO rank of a website. This include promoting the website, construction of backlinks, or inbound links, that lead back to the SEO optimized page and paying for written PR articles. Implementation of SEO as it is really difficult and requires constant effort, involvement and implementation of the new trends in this field as it is. In order for it to be precise and to work well, it needs to be thought of constantly, while creating new content and updating the old one as well. In today’s overcrowded web environment, it is very important to make your site stand out in any possible way and SEO is becoming increasingly popular in addressing this problem. The team behind thegrid.io relies on filters to take care of many web designing aspects. They act as the entry point to any and every grid.io powered application. Fig. 4 one of many others grid.io marketing strategies As we pointed out before, SEO is all about conforming your HTML to your content and that is where filters come in place through the grid.io algorithm. Filters serve in filtering your raw HTML. Since SEO is basically translating the HTML wrapped around the specific parts of your content to let search engine scrapers index and â€Å"get to know† your content better basically. The way we can speculate these probably work is, that they scrape the content of your articles, items, or any other elements and then parse it into meta tags probably via the URL. As we saw from the example page they built, it is probably using some kind of SPA (Single Page Application) framework, but it most likely is not one of the popular ones, quite possibly it is their own internal one, since doing SEO on a SPA could prove troubling, as for reloading just the parts of your html including the content which is relevant to the specific asynchronous change in the scope of your application. These are just theories and speculations based on what is publicly available as of the moment of writing this article. B. Performance Performance is one of the most important factors to consider as it influences the feeling of quality. Impact of the page speed on the traffic, conversion and satisfaction is huge. According to Aragon [5] in her article on crazyegg.blog about SEO, company Amazon found out, that for every 100ms their page loaded quicker they got about 1% of increased revenue overall, which is a truly tremendous impact. Other big companies are reporting the same findings, which only goes to show, that performance could be a huge deal breaker when it comes to thegrid.io as well. One of the elementary aspects when it comes to minimizing the page load is to minimize the number of HTTP requests. If we refer to picture [2], which states that there is exactly 123 HTTP requests on thegrid.io page when it first loads. This number is pretty high and suggests, that there is a place for optimization of these standards in order to make the page load faster. Other techniques might include caching the resources on the site (storing them permanently if they are present on more than a few sub-sites of the website in order to reduce server load). In this field, thegrid.io got and F, referring to [2] once again, which is suboptimal to say, at least. When it comes to compression of images, the best choice here is to go with JPEG or PNG formatted images. But as thegrid.io states, the content uploaded to the website is entirely in the hands of the user, the grid just analyses it and styles the content around it accordingly. So the performance when working with images is entirely in the hands of the user. As far as we are concerned there is no information yet as to some auto convertor of images or anything similiar, but it would definitely make sense for thegrid.io to implement such a functionality as this can have a great impact on the overall load speed. With all that being said, the overall experience of the grid.io created website is pretty good and slightly above average in our opinion. If they really relied on their own algorithm when creating their presentational site, it is safe to assume, that the team already have a very stable and delivering product, which displays quite a potential when it comes to delivering apps with an optimal user satisfaction. C. Design The actual design of the websites created with thegrid.io is one of the fields that we can not measure objectively even if we would have more templates, or filters, as they prefer to call it at the grid, because design is pretty objective. From the teaser screenshots we can however see, that the design have all the modern practices, such as flat design and minimalism in their scope and portfolio and they tend to generally cling into this direction. Another big issue could be the responsiveness of manufactured designs. In the world of today’s web, if a site is not responsive and potential client base is expected to view and interact with a website on a device other than a computer, it is almost 100% expected for the site to be responsive (meaning, the site is stretching and adapting to different screen sizes dynamically). One of the main points of the responsive web design is to actually adhere to the content and style it according to it, not according to HTML elements, or anything else on that matter. With this in mind, thegrid.io is promising its users a responsive experience on all devices ranging from smartphones, through netbooks up to 4K capable retina big displays and smart TV’s. Other issue that comes to mind that has to do with design is the fact, that users often tend to want to personally add their touches to the design. And that is something that is impossible to be done automatically or with any kind of algorithm, since it depends on the feelings, emotions and personal tastes of the user. It might seem though, as thegrid.io is not targeting such people and are basically more into helping people kick start online presence of their brand and as such, this functionality, or the ability to meddle into the code of the applications might not be needed for most of their customers. Still, in the final version of the product they might introduce such a functionality and it would be really interesting to see how this plays out in the end. Other issues that might arise are the ones concerning originality of such designs. Of course, every website is different when it comes to content, but there could be many, e.g. e-shops dealing with cosmetics imported from France. How could an automated engine handle such a challenge? We do not know that yet, as the service is still in a stealth mode when it comes to unveiling the principles of its internal mechanics, but it is definitely something to consider and take into account. IV. Similar projects As of right now, thegrid.io seems to be the only one that introduced some degree of machine learning (or artificial learning as the call it) to web design and it seems to be really promising and interesting. V. Conclusion Thegrid.io is one of a kind applications that in summary should be able to give us the ability to create websites on the fly, without any prior knowledge, with an easy-to-no learning curve whatsoever and that styles itself around the content scanned. That is a very bold idea, but if executed properly and after implementing precautions could help people digitalize their brands very easily. References TheGrid.io landing page snippet [online]. Available: https://www.thegrid.io/ Thegrid.io performance test, conducted by Austin Wulf, on 28.12.2014 [online]. Available: https://medium.com/@austinwulf/the-grid-io-builds-incredibly-slow-websites-24ca1980c8f2 GSS templates used in thegrid.io [online]. Available: http://www.irishtimes.com/business/technology/artificial-intelligence-platform-the-grid-looks-like-the-future-of-web-design-1.2117158 Thegrid.io marketing strategies [online]. Available: https://www.thegrid.io/ K. Aragon (2013, Nov 12). 10 ways to speed up your website – and improve conversion by 7%, [online]. Available: http://blog.crazyegg.com/2013/12/11/speed-up-your-website/

Do The Right Thing Essay -- essays research papers

â€Å"DO THE RIGHT THING†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Spike Lee’s movie Do the Right Thing is an excellent portrayal of what life was and is most certainly like in some areas of New York City and across the United States of America.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  His movie tells the story of Mookie an African American pizza deliveryman, trying to make a living to support his son and girlfriend. He works for Sal and his two sons Vito and Pino who hold completely opposite attitudes when it comes to race. Then there is Radio Raheem who organizes a boycott at Sal’s pizza parlor because of the lack of racial diversity on their wall of fame.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As the movie begins you become well aware of the fact that the people who live in this area are extremely vocal about their opinions and attitudes towards people who are not of their race or social background. You hear words thrown around which insinuate the projection towards each other. In the movie setting the scorching temperatures were symbolic of the heat and passion rising out the hearts of each person being portrayed in this film. The social-psychological theory is quite astounding in this film. Each race shows frustration and aggression towards the other groups. Such as when Radio Raheem came into Sal’s pizzeria he was rudely asked to turn off his radio. He strikes back at Sal with a similar attitude towards the situation, which in my mind was more then appropriate.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If he is com...

Puritan Society in Winthrops

In his work â€Å"Remembering John Winthrop- Hawthorne’s Suggestion† Matthew Holland calls John Winthrop powerful but unclear, well-liked and despised, completely unwanted by some while other energetically fight traditionalists to make him an image of ideal. The author finds very strange the fact that being a critic of Puritanism, Nathaniel Hawthorn turns our attentions to Winthrop’s ideas of charity (Holland 1). According to Holland, The Scarlet Letter testifies that Hawthorne was not at the Puritans’ side and did not consider their values to be right.Since Winthrop is primarily connected with the origin and propagation of Puritan ideas, it is not possible that Hawthorne could not consider him to be deserved an honor. Notwithstanding that Winthrop’s own use of ideology of Christian love can influence Hawthorne’s attitude positively, this can’t overshadow the excessively cruel social arrangement Winthrop created (Holland 12). Holland s tates that Hawthorne simply considered Winthrop to be a normally righteous exclusion to a Puritanism that generates just wickedness and tyranny.However, Hawthorne noted that Winthrop was an outstanding person way, a leader of his age, elected by his contemporaries and reelected for several times. Trepanier, Lee. â€Å"The need for Renewal: Nathaniel Hawthorne’s Conservatism. † Modern Age, Fall 2003, Vol. 45. Academic Search Elite. EBSCOhost. 1 March 2007. In â€Å"The need for Renewal: Nathaniel Hawthorne’s Conservatism† Lee Trepanier describes Hawthorne's attempts to renovate the Puritan heritage by means of art (Trepanier 200) .The author tries to explain to us the final breakdown of Hawthorne's artistic and sacred views and tries to find out how actual breakdown influenced our evaluation of Puritan heritage. According to Lee Trepanier, The Scarlet Letter is usually understood as a story of morality, where the traditions of Puritanism and defenselessnes s of people are perfectly represented. However, the author explains the way how to fight with defenselessness stating â€Å"life is strictly a function of ‘mechanism; and that having knowledge of the mechanism is to have power over life itself† (317).Michaelsen, Scott. â€Å"John Winthrop's ‘Modell’ Covenant and the Company Way. † Early American Literature, 1992: 85-100 Scott Michaelsen reminds the reader that straight after their coming to the New England to create a new civilization founded on the Calvinism, Puritans were perceived as cultured, hard-working and established. Today their influence is the New England are to coming to naught, it is heritage still is felt in the society (Michaelsen 10). The author told us that American leaders of the past century cite John Winthrop.However, they sometimes overlook his anti- sovereign political theory. Michaelsen explains, that Winthrop’s creations – and A Model of Christian Charity is one of them – were not well-liked by his contemporaries, due to the reason that the he did not create any new values of Puritanism and simply talked about the ideas developed by someone else earlier (Michaelsen 60). Winthrop stated that real pure feeling was present only before the sin of Adam and Eve, while the modern imperfect society needs charity preservation.According to him, such qualities as forgiveness and fairness play more important role than love in our society today. However, the author argues that people must know their obligations and be merciless to one another (Michaelsen 91). People are commonly upset because of the severity of Winthrop's viewpoint. This state is generated by reading some literature of Winthrop's supposition connected with the power of patriarchy and the live of women in the Puritan society.It is essential to note how our modern ideas about what is right and wrong can occasionally differ from those in the society Winthrop lived in. Schweitzer, Iv y. John Winthrop's Model of American Affiliation. Early American Literature, 2005: 441-69 In his article the Schweitzer provides the John Winthrop’s work and values evaluation. According to the author of the article Ivy Schweitzer lately, researchers started to investigate the Age of Reason’s veneration of and devotion to composed motivation, and to discuss the ‘‘emotional history of the United States’’ (441).Schweister states that In his study of early American influence, the author Peter Coviello says that the population appears under the influence the oratory of its main leaders through the tactical expression of powerful feelings of failure and parting that make a very contrasting and extensively alienated colonial population to unite (Schweitzer 442). According to Schweister, this not just paves the way and creates the political establishment of the new nationality however it develops the ability for emotional reaction as a precondition f or â€Å"virtuous republican citizenship† (441).

Free Essays on Instant Messanger

Today’s society is a great deal different from 5 years ago, Technology, more and more is becoming a vital asset in our everyday lives. Some have become so dependent upon their computer, that without which they feel lost and unable to communicate with others. Instant messaging has become a very beneficial and convenient form of communication worldwide. There is no doubt that the Internet has changed the way we communicate. For many of us, e-mail has virtually replaced traditional letters and even telephone calls as the choice for correspondence. Every day, billions of e-mail messages are sent out. E-mail has been the most rapidly adopted form of communication ever known. In less than two decades, it has gone from obscurity to mainstream dominance. (HowStuffWorks.com) In our fast-paced world, sometimes even the rapid response of e-mail is not fast enough. A computer user have no way of knowing if the person who is receiving the e-mail to is online at that particular moment or not. Also, if one is sending multiple e-mails back and forth with the same person, you normally have to click through a few steps to read, reply and send the e-mail. This is why instant messaging (IM) has gained popularity. Instant messaging is a form of communication, which is carried out through constant messages sent back and forth from one member to another. Instant messaging allows one to maintain a list of people they wish to interact with. A person can send messages to any of the people in your list, often called a buddy list or contact list, as long as that person is online. Sending a message opens up a small window where the sender and receiver can type in messages that both of you can see. (Earthlink) Instant messaging allows you to quickly exchange messages with your online friends. Unlike email, instant messages appear as soon as they're sent. At many of times it is inexpensive and easy to work. Rather than a simple few digits on a phone, ... Free Essays on Instant Messanger Free Essays on Instant Messanger Today’s society is a great deal different from 5 years ago, Technology, more and more is becoming a vital asset in our everyday lives. Some have become so dependent upon their computer, that without which they feel lost and unable to communicate with others. Instant messaging has become a very beneficial and convenient form of communication worldwide. There is no doubt that the Internet has changed the way we communicate. For many of us, e-mail has virtually replaced traditional letters and even telephone calls as the choice for correspondence. Every day, billions of e-mail messages are sent out. E-mail has been the most rapidly adopted form of communication ever known. In less than two decades, it has gone from obscurity to mainstream dominance. (HowStuffWorks.com) In our fast-paced world, sometimes even the rapid response of e-mail is not fast enough. A computer user have no way of knowing if the person who is receiving the e-mail to is online at that particular moment or not. Also, if one is sending multiple e-mails back and forth with the same person, you normally have to click through a few steps to read, reply and send the e-mail. This is why instant messaging (IM) has gained popularity. Instant messaging is a form of communication, which is carried out through constant messages sent back and forth from one member to another. Instant messaging allows one to maintain a list of people they wish to interact with. A person can send messages to any of the people in your list, often called a buddy list or contact list, as long as that person is online. Sending a message opens up a small window where the sender and receiver can type in messages that both of you can see. (Earthlink) Instant messaging allows you to quickly exchange messages with your online friends. Unlike email, instant messages appear as soon as they're sent. At many of times it is inexpensive and easy to work. Rather than a simple few digits on a phone, ...

The Real King Arthur essays

The Real King Arthur essays In The Once and Future King, the portrayal of the Middle Ages is conceived as that of magnificent castles, beautiful clothing, great kings and queens- everything and everyone perfect. No proof of the dirty, unjust, horrible circumstances that all people lived by- even the nobility- existed throughout the entire novel. The people and places in The Once and Future King are so backward that the story could be described as a fairy tale. Camelot, for one, would not have been so gorgeously described, and looked upon as a majestic land. Towns back then were not pretty. Dirt thrived in cities; there were diseases and crud everywhere. Camelot was also depicted as being in order, and just to everyone. Communities during the Middle Ages were not orderly. They were probably outright chaotic and unjust. As far as the king goes, he probably did not do much to help Arthur, such a great, benevolent king, would not have existed back then. A great king no doubt probably came to reign a time or two but someone who was so great, and did so many things for his kingdom and so influential would not have been formed back then. Kings during the time of The Once and Future King were mostly insane, or cruel, or just should never have been remembered. No king ever did so many things that they would have stood out so much as Arthur would have. As a queen, Guenevere, from The Once and Future King, did not fit the stereotypical-Middle-Age queen. She did not want to marry the king because she did not know him. That does not sound so absurd now-a-days, but back then if someone did not want to marry the king, you were thought of being just as crazy as the king could have been. Given the chance to marry into royalty and live, as close to as you could, easily, you would jump at it in a second. Guenevere was emotional, and had feelings, something The knight was even portrayed in a dreamla ...

U.S history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

U.S history - Essay Example Wages in United States were better than in Europe, more so for skilled laborers, this led to millions of immigrants coming to America. The industrialization increase meant real wages growing with 60% in the US. The major industry was the railroads as the factory system, finance and mining increased in importance. Europe, China and eastern states immigrants resulted to the West growing rapidly, based on mining, ranching and farming. This is the period that the United States became the leader in ahead of Britain in industrialization. The economy was fast expanding in the new areas in the country, more so heavy industry factories, coal mining, and railroads. The first Transcontinental Railroad was opened up in 1869 to the far-west ranching and mining regions. Instead of six months, travelling from New York San Francisco only took six days. Formerly isolated regions were connected by the new track to the bigger markets that facilitated the development of commercial farming, mining, and ranching, leading to a true national marketplace. Production of steel in America rose to surpass the total of Germany, France, and Britain combined. Paris and London poured money for investment into railroads through financial markets that are centered in Wall Street. By 1900, economic process concentration had already extended to industry’s most branches. Before the Gilded Age, old immigration as is commonly referred witnessed the real boom of United States’ new arrivals. Around 10 million people came in the new immigration. These people provided the industries with the workforce that they required at a very good cost (Hunger, Parshall K.  53). John Muir was a Scottish-American practitioner of naturalism, author, and early advocate of preservation United States wilderness. His books, essays, and letters telling about his nature’s adventures. He gave a lot of his time in preserving the Western forest. His enthusiasm

Organization implications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Organization implications - Essay Example The merit pay systems emphasizes on the fact that teachers are to be paid for their achievement in the classroom as opposed to their seniority or the number of ed-school credits that they have collected. This paper will discuss the merit pay system and teacher performance in public schools The Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 put the merit system principles into law, specifically section 2301 of title 5 of the U.S. Code. It was set as a national policy intended â€Å"to provide the people of the United States with a competent, honest, and productive workforce...and to improve the quality of public service, Federal personnel management should be implemented consistent with merit system principles† (Pfiffner & Brook, 2000). Since then, the merit system and its principles have been implemented both in the public sector and in private sector in the country. The merit system can be defined as a personnel system applied in the process of hiring and promoting government employees based on merit to obtain the highest efficiency in public personnel functions. The application of the merit system in the public education sector has brought about unending controversies especially with the merit pay issue. The merit pay systems emphasizes on the fact that teachers are to be paid for their achievement in the classroom as opposed to their seniority or the number of ed-school credits that they have collected as it has been done from the 1920s period. Reformers in the education system including the government have emphasized that the merit pay will encourage high performing teachers to do well and drive the lazy ones away, thereby improving the performance of public schools. However, teachers’ unions have continually opposed the move stating that there is no objective way of measuring the classroom performance of a teacher. In addition to this, opposing views have pointed to the fact that the merit pay system has a high chance of failing

The Motivational Factors That Affect Workers Dissertation

The Motivational Factors That Affect Workers - Dissertation Example They play a great role in determining whether the organisation succeeds or not. On this basis, an organisation needs to enact motivational strategies that will be effective in ensuring that the restaurants workforce is are motivated. This in turn should reflect on their work performances. That is, there should be efficiency in the manner in which the employees of the organisation handle their duties and work. On this basis, this research seeks to specifically find out which motivational strategies are sufficient for Michelin Rated restaurants (Goalen, 2011). The main reason as to the interest of these motivational factors that can help in improving the efficiency of employees in the Michelin rated restaurants is based on the numerous challenges that workers usually face in the course of carrying out their duties. In a restaurant industry, there are a variety of employees; this includes chefs, waiters, cashiers, and cleaners (Ferguson, 2008). These employees normally serve a variety o f customers and interests, working for long hours within a day, and even working at odd hours of the night. For these employees to achieve efficiency in their work, they have to be motivated enough. Motivation is therefore is important factors that contributes in the quality of a restaurants cuisine, and hence determine whether a restaurant will receive, one star, two stars, or even three stars (Burke and Greene, 2007). The other interest emanates from the quality of guests that Michelin rated restaurants serve.

Economics, Effects of Specialization Essay Example for Free

Economics, Effects of Specialization Essay Specialization basically means when an individual or businesses produce a narrow range of products in simple words, when a person or business focuses on producing one type of product because they are good in producing that product. International exchange allows for specialization, which is when one producer produces the good that comes at the least cost of production and opportunity to him or her and then trades for those goods that come at a higher production or opportunity to him or her. The law of comparative advantage explains how people can gain from trade and specialization. Comparative advantage is defined as the ability to produce a good at a lower opportunity cost than others can produce it. Therefore, specializing gives that country a comparative advantage over others. specialization also leads to economic interdependence which is when producers in one nation depend on other to provide good and services that they do not produce. eres an example : lets say China produces 500 fish and 200 cheese and Canada produces 200 fish and 500 cheese , China will stop making cheese and focus on producing more fish and Canada will stop making fish and focus more on producing cheese , in the end , they will end up trading , this is economic interdepedence when another country relies on another country for a product or service. Not only does it lead to mutual gains by allowing different countries to specialize in the production of those things they do best, but it also allows them to import goods that foreign producers are willing to supply at a lower cost than domestic producers. Resources and such differ from country to country and give some countries an advantage to producing some goods over others and prove to be more profitable and advantageous to all. By allowing for international trade, countries can specialize in those goods that they can produce most economically and them offer them to consumers at a cheaper, more affordable, and more economical price. Absolute advantage is a situation in which a nation as a result of its previous experience can produce more of a good, with the same amount of resources, than another nation. till , this doesnt mean that just because one country has an absolute advantage that the countries cannot gain from international trade. countries can still gain as long as relative production costs differ. 3 reasons why International trade is necessary International trade allows countries to learn from each other and take in new ideas. international trade is needed between countries is because resources that country needs are not available everywhere. international trade is necessary is that it reduces the risk for one economy.

Wedding Speech Delivered by the Groom :: Wedding Toasts Roasts Speeches

Wedding Speech Delivered by the Groom On behalf of my wife and I, I would like to start by thanking Leon for his kind words†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.easily the best $10 I ever spent†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.and I’d like to thank him on behalf of everyone here today for providing the wedding feast. I would also like to thank Leon and Mindy for welcoming me into their family and their kindness and friendship since I first met them, though obviously they didn’t know me at the time else they might have locked their daughter up to keep her safe from me! And on that note I would also like to thank them for providing me with my bride without whom today would have been slightly more difficult even though the best man did offer to stand in†¦...but that’s another story. So, Leon and Mindy, thank you from the bottom of my heart. I would like to thank my own mom and Ian for their support and assistance in making today happen and for welcoming Becky into our family. I would especially like to thank my mom, not only for always being there for me but also because she has tried many times to get Becky to back out of this wedding but she did a terrible job and it went ahead anyway. So thank you so, so much. I would also like to give extra special thanks to Bill and Sarah Fuckley. Without them showing me the way forward, giving such a brilliant example of how two people who love each other should move forward together, I know that I would not have been the happiest man in the world today. So, thanks to you too. I would like to thank everyone here for coming today. I would particularly like to extend a warm welcome to Gary Wilson, a mate from childhood, who came all the way from Bermuda and has asked me to tell you he is young, free, single and filthy rich, and to tell you all that it means a lot to us both that everyone that is important to us could be here not only to celebrate our wedding day but also so that some of you could meet your new relatives – and with that goes my apologies, especially to the children and people with weak hearts in case the particularly ugly ones are scaring you as much as they do me.

Americaa Role in Iraq Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Essays

America'a Role in Iraq As Afghan opposition groups and U.S. armed forces continue their successes in the war against the Taliban and al Qaeda, the American debate has quickly turned to the question of where the fight against terrorism should go next. In numerous public statements, President Bush has talked about a wide-ranging campaign against global terrorism. He has not committed to military operations against any other countries or terrorist organizations, but he has made it clear that the broader struggle against terrorism will be a long-lasting effort that could include the use of military force in regions beyond Afghanistan. A strong case can be made that Iraq's leader, Saddam Hussein, is so threatening to his people, his neighbors, and U.S. interests that the United States should use military force, unilaterally if necessary, to overthrow him. Proponents of such an approach, however, often underestimate the costs and risks involved. Instead of mounting a U.S. attack on Iraq as part of the current campaign, the Bush administration should take advantage of its success in Afghanistan to pressure allies and regional players to isolate Saddam's regime and to reinforce deterrence in an unambiguous way. A new "Bush Doctrine" should announce that Baghdad's support for terrorist networks, transfer of weapons of mass destruction to terrorist groups or individuals who target the United States, or the harboring of such terrorists will be considered an act of war and lead immediately to an American military intervention to overthrow the regime. Targeting Iraq There are many potential targets for a possible post-Afghanistan phase of the war—Abu Sayyaf guerrilla bases in the Philippines, for example, as well as terrorist headquarters and training camps in Somalia, Syria, and Lebanon. But none is more consequential or more prominent in the current policy debate than Saddam Hussein's regime in Iraq. Numerous outside analysts and (more privately) some senior Bush administration officials are already making the case that the next phase in the war on terrorism should be an effort to overthrow the Iraqi regime—if necessary, with U.S. military force. On November 26, President Bush himself appeared to raise the ante on the Iraq debate, stating that Saddam would "find out" what was in store for him if he failed to heed international demands to allow inspector... ...ime that would crack down on Iraqi smuggling, focus sanctions more specifically on the Baghdad leadership and weapons of mass destruction capabilities, and make civilian goods available for easier import into Iraq. Meaningful searches for Iraq's WMD capabilities would also be desirable, but only if they would be more effective than those of the late 1990s. America's allies and the regional powers need to understand that if Iraq cannot be contained with sanctions and stronger nonproliferation efforts, Washington may ultimately have to use force to achieve that goal. The U.S. administration should make it clear to the rest of the world that it cares a lot more about the well-being and future of the Iraqi population than does Saddam Hussein, and it should hold out a vision of American support for a future Iraq under a different regime. Reinforced deterrence, more vigilant nonproliferation efforts, and smarter sanctions will not make the Persian Gulf region risk-free or immediately free the Iraqi people from a brutal dictatorship. But they will serve the core goal of helping to prevent future terrorist actions like those of September 11 at a reasonable military and strategic cost.

Impact of Illegal Immigrant Workers on the US Economy Essay

Illegal immigration is tightly woven into the fabric of the US economy. Its prevalence impacts all corners of the financial world, but affects the greatest impact on educational funding, healthcare expenditures and taxes. Illegal immigration tends to be viewed from extreme viewpoints in our country often influenced more by personal biases and political opinions than statistical facts. In reality, the positive and negative effects nearly neutralize each other and it has become a delicate balancing act for politicians to create and maintain a system that works to please both sides and retain economic stability. Illegal immigrants are defined as anyone who is not a US citizen and who is in the country in violation of our immigration laws; this could mean anyone who has entered the country undocumented or falsely documented, those with expired visas or any permanent resident who commits a crime after entry and remains after deportation orders. It is virtually impossible to report exactly how many illegal immigrants reside in the country since they deal with fears of deportation they don’t readily identify themselves, but the INS, Census Bureau, and US General Accounting office estimates put the number somewhere between 2 and 12 million. There is also likely fluctuation based on time of year depending on availability of agricultural work. Most of the illegal immigration debate over the last two decades has focused on Mexican immigrants and California has been used as a model for influencing regulations across the country. This is due to the fact that in the US those of Mexican origin account for over 54% of all illegal immigrants and that California houses over 40% of the illegal immigrant population. This is important to recognize because many of the arguments and proposed or passed laws with regards to this issue stem from the Mexican immigration dilemma in California. (Here is what I could recover- I can get it done by Sunday on the school computers if it will make your due date- I am so sorry again. . . I have been freaking out ‘cause of my computer and then I was stuck at work and couldn’t get to any computer all day yesterday.)

Feminism essays

Feminism essays Why is gender so important? I think, the simplest answer is, because its there. There are two genders, which we call female and male and there are many distinctions between them. People generally afraid of talking about gender because many of them think that the talking would be end about feminism. Then why are they afraid of feminism? Because, these people think that feminism states, women are good, men are bad. And there are several myths about it. People believe that; feminists are man haters, they are lesbians, they want to bring men down and take over, etc. However, all of us should know that, Feminism is a policy, practice or advocacy of political, economic and social equality of women and the people who advocate this, are feminists. (www.milwaukeenow.org) So it can be understood from here that feminists are not against men, they just want to have equal rights. Feminism has been a prominent and controversional topic in writings for the past two centuries. One of the most important work of contemporary feminist theory is, Simone de Beauvoirs book The Second Sex. Lets mention the aim of the book with her words: For a long time I hesitated to write a book on woman. The subject is irritating, especially, to women and it is not new. Enough ink has been spilled in quarreling over feminism and perhaps we should say no more about it. It is still talked about, however, for the voluminous nonsense uttered during the last century seems to have done little to illuminate the problem. After all, is there a problem? And if so, what is it? Are there women really? (www.marxist.org) In this essay, Ill discuss the reasons why de Beauvoir criticizes woman and her opinions about the improvement of the womans position in society. If we observe woman and man, from past to now, well see that they do not have any common feat ...

Free Essays on Declaration Of Indendence

Analysis of Declaration of Independence The Declaration of Independence is a historical legal document. It is written in Virginia by Thomas Jefferson, who will later become our 3rd president of The United States. It is also a political document. It is written to declare the independence of the United States from Great Britain. The tone of the document is dramatic and forceful. Thomas Jefferson starts off with the issue of them wanting to declare the separation from Great Britain, how they no longer wish to be apart of their colony. He goes on with how â€Å"all men are created equal†. Although in this time period he is referring to only white men. These are the enlightenment ideas of equality. The enlightenment ideas come from John Locke. His next statement is that they are â€Å"endowed by their creator†. In many instances he speaks refers to God. It is highly influenced by Christianity. He speaks of â€Å"life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness†. In this time radical men did not know that they had the right to be happy. He speaks of the history of the present King of Great Britain, King George III, calling this a tyrant. He proves King George III’s tyranny by establishing a list of grievances. This is an attack of King George III. He does not want to attack the entire monarchy because he does not want to anger Spain or France. The king himself was not good or bad he was just attacked because of this status as King of England and also the Elector of Hanover. His list of grievances includes the â€Å"tyranny† of the king. He goes on about all the different acts and taxes such as the Declaratory Act of 1766, the Quartering Act, Stamp Act, Tea Act, and the Hat Act. Some of these accusations were exaggerations. Such as the impressments, that when the British Port Police were in need of seamen for their missions, they would take all the drunken men and pick them up on the ship without permission so when the men woke up, they wou... Free Essays on Declaration Of Indendence Free Essays on Declaration Of Indendence Analysis of Declaration of Independence The Declaration of Independence is a historical legal document. It is written in Virginia by Thomas Jefferson, who will later become our 3rd president of The United States. It is also a political document. It is written to declare the independence of the United States from Great Britain. The tone of the document is dramatic and forceful. Thomas Jefferson starts off with the issue of them wanting to declare the separation from Great Britain, how they no longer wish to be apart of their colony. He goes on with how â€Å"all men are created equal†. Although in this time period he is referring to only white men. These are the enlightenment ideas of equality. The enlightenment ideas come from John Locke. His next statement is that they are â€Å"endowed by their creator†. In many instances he speaks refers to God. It is highly influenced by Christianity. He speaks of â€Å"life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness†. In this time radical men did not know that they had the right to be happy. He speaks of the history of the present King of Great Britain, King George III, calling this a tyrant. He proves King George III’s tyranny by establishing a list of grievances. This is an attack of King George III. He does not want to attack the entire monarchy because he does not want to anger Spain or France. The king himself was not good or bad he was just attacked because of this status as King of England and also the Elector of Hanover. His list of grievances includes the â€Å"tyranny† of the king. He goes on about all the different acts and taxes such as the Declaratory Act of 1766, the Quartering Act, Stamp Act, Tea Act, and the Hat Act. Some of these accusations were exaggerations. Such as the impressments, that when the British Port Police were in need of seamen for their missions, they would take all the drunken men and pick them up on the ship without permission so when the men woke up, they wou...